Supplements and health products are not heavily regulated, so we’ve created our own criteria for what’s considered safe to put in your body.
Below you’ll find a NO list with over 500 common toxic supplement additives, chemicals, preservatives, flavors, colors and other harmful ingredients. We also screen all personal care and clean home products for harmful parabens, phthalates, oxybenzones, and other endocrine disrupting chemicals. We’ve built our list from some of the most reputable sources in the health industry including EWG, The Clean Label Project, and Endocrinedisruption.org.
Superpower does the research, so you don’t have to.
| Ingredients | Details | Most commonly found | Supporting Research |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2,4,5-trihydroxybutyrophenone (THBP) | Limited information available, but it is a synthetic substance with potential genetic toxicity. | Potential cosmetic research for skin lightening, Food preservatives, pharmaceutical formulations | https://cebs.niehs.nih.gov/cebs/test_article/1421-63-2 |
| acetoin (synthetic) | Some inhalation studies suggest potential harmful effects on the respiratory system when used in vaping liquids. | Food flavoring (butter substitute) in processed foods (popcorn, microwave meals, baked goods), Flavoring agent in dairy products, e-cigarette liquids | https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/aem.01711-14 |
| allulose | Has been linked to digestive discomfort if consumed in large quantities. | Dietary sugar substitute in sugar-free candies, baked goods, beverages, Low-calorie sweeteners, baking goods | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36678329/ |
| aluminum starch octenylsuccinate | It’s use was subject to specific restrictions in some regions due to concerns about the potential intake of aluminum from food additives. | Anti-sticking agent in some candies (gummy bears), Food thickener and stabilizer: sauces, dressings, soups, cosmetics (e.g., face powders) | https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/08/070812084458.htm |
| ammonium chloride | In large amounts it can cause nausea, vomiting, acidosis and other side effects. | Leavening agent (baking powder) in bakery products (pretzels), cleaning agent (brass), Baking goods: licorice, bread, cough medicine, expectorants | https://www.nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/0093.pdf |
| apricot kernel/extract | Contains amygdalin, which can release cyanide in the body. Consuming large amounts of apricot kernels has been associated with cyanide poisoning. | Flavoring in liqueurs (amaretto) and baked goods (marzipan), carrier oil in lotions and creams, Food flavoring: apricot preserves, almond-flavored goods, cosmetics, skincare products | https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/press/news/160427 |
| bacopa | May have side effects like stomach upset, fatigue, dry mouth or muscle weakness at higher doses. Potential for liver toxicity. | Memory and cognitive function supplement (limited research), Dietary supplements, herbal teas | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK589635/#:~:text=The triterpenoid saponins are believed,%2C nausea%2C and abdominal cramps. |
| BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole) | While permitted in many countries, some studies link BHA to cancer risk. There are concerns about potential endocrine disruption as well. | Preservative in some fats and oils (potato chips, vegetable oil), Food preservatives: snack foods, baked goods, meats, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, Baking goods: bread, pastries, cookies, processed foods | https://www.healthvermont.gov/sites/default/files/documents/pdf/ENV_CDP_25013_16_5_BHA.pdf |
| bleached flour | The chemical bleaching process can potentially create trace amounts of carcinogens like ALA and glyphosate. | Flour used in commercially baked goods (bread, cakes) | https://scholarworks.uni.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6830&context=pias |
| burnt alum | Now banned in the US and many countries due to health concerns. Can irritate the skin and respiratory tract. Potential reproductive and developmental effects. | Mordant (historical textile dye fixative), Pickling, baking powder, traditional medicine | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257736721_An_Experimental_Study_of_the_Anti-oxidant_and_the_Anti-inflammatory_Effects_of_Alum_and_Burnt_Alum |
| calcium peroxide | Can irritate the skin, eyes, mouth and respiratory tract. Used in some food applications as a bleaching agent. | Bleaching agent in hair products, pool and spa sanitation, teeth whitening, Flour treatment agent: bread, pastries, dental care products | https://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/0328.pdf |
| calcium sorbate | There is some research linking this to kidney stones and increased risk of certain types of cancer. | Preservative in processed foods and beverages (cheese, yogurt), Food preservatives: cheese, baked goods, spreads, animal feed additives | https://www.ejfa.me/index.php/journal/article/download/1049/769 |
| disodium inosinate | A flavor enhancer that contains purines. Generally recognized as safe, but those with gout or kidney issues may want to avoid. | Flavor enhancer in savory foods (broths, soups), Flavor enhancer: chips, soups, sauces, instant noodles | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29644544/ |
| ethyl vanillin (synthetic) | Studies have shown that excessive doses of Ethyl Vanillin for long periods of time, specifically, more than 6 months, can be dangerous as it causes toxic side effects including acute respiratory distress syndrome. | Flavoring substitute for vanilla in processed foods (baked goods), Flavoring agent: ice cream, chocolate, baked goods, perfumes | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7856097/ |
| FD&C Blue No. 1 | Some artificial colors have been associated with hyperactivity in children and have been restricted or banned in certain countries. | Food coloring in candies, beverages, decorations, Food colorant: beverages, candies, baked goods, cosmetics, medications | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27763268/ |
| FD&C Green No. 3 | Some artificial colors have been associated with hyperactivity in children and have been restricted or banned in certain countries. | Food coloring in candies, beverages, decorations, Food colorant: beverages, ice cream, confections, personal care products | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3441937/ |
| FD&C Yellow No. 5 | Some artificial colors have been associated with hyperactivity in children and have been restricted or banned in certain countries. | Food coloring in candies, beverages, decorations, Food colorant sodas, candies, baked goods, cosmetics, medications | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8647306/ |
| gamma aminobutyric acid | Generally well tolerated but very high doses may cause imbalances. Those taking anti-anxiety or antidepressant medications should use caution due to possible interactions. | Relaxation supplement (limited research), Dietary supplements: functional foods, beverages, functional foods | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7527439/ |
| heptylparaben | Some parabens have been associated with hormone disruption and have been restricted in certain products. | Preservative in some cosmetics and personal care products, Preservative in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160412014000579 |
| high-fructose corn syrup/HFCS | Not banned but controversial due to its potential association with obesity and metabolic issues. | Sweetener in processed foods (beverages, baked goods, condiments), Sweeteners: sodas, baked goods, candies, confectionery | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9551185/#:~:text=It has been demonstrated in,disorders and diseases (12). |
| inosine monophosphate | Not inherently banned but may be restricted due to concerns about their impact on people with gout or uric acid issues. | Flavor enhancer in savory foods (broths, soups), Flavor enhancer: savory snacks, soups, instant noodles | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9316764/ |
| kava/kava kava | Associated with rare but serious liver toxicity. Use under medical supervision only and avoid combining with other substances that affect the liver. | Anxiety supplement (limited research, potential health risks), Herbal supplements: relaxation teas, capsules, traditional medicine | https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/herb/kava-kava#:~:text=Several studies have found that,have been reported in Europe. |
| ma huang | Can cause cardiovascular toxicity, seizures, stroke, and death even in normal doses. Largely banned by regulatory agencies due to safety concerns. | Banned stimulant (previously in weight loss supplements), Dietary supplements: weight loss products, traditional Chinese medicine | https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/ephedraandephedrine-HealthProfessional/ |
| microparticularized whey protein derived fat substitute | No longer used as a food additive due to lack of commercial success. | Ingredient in some low-fat protein bars and snacks, Low-fat dairy products: yogurt, cheese, reduced-calorie processed foods | https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-794/5-htp |
| monosodium glutamate | Not banned but subject to restrictions in some places due to concerns about "Chinese Restaurant Syndrome" and other potential reactions in sensitive individuals. | Flavor enhancer in savory foods (broths, soups), Flavor enhancer, soups, sauces, snacks, instant noodles | https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/monosodium-glutamate/faq-20058196 |
| Nature identical flavors | Considered safe by regulators when used properly, but unnecessary for nutrition. May contain controversial additives like MSG. | Artificial flavors replicating natural flavors in various food and beverage products, Food flavoring candies, baked goods, beverages, fragrances | https://www.scielo.br/j/bjb/a/3FXpH76mr8qF5kmC8PKzzkL/?format=pdf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6722695/ |
| nitrates (synthetic) | Convert to nitrites in the body which may form cancer-causing nitrosamines. Especially concerning for children. Nitrate/nitrite intake is associated with increased cancer risk. | Curing agent in processed meats (bacon, hot dogs, ham) to preserve color and flavor, Food preservatives: cured meats, sausages, pharmaceuticals | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7139399/ |
| olestra | A fat substitute that caused gastrointestinal side effects and has largely been removed from the market. | Low-calorie fat substitute used in some chips and snacks (discontinued due to side effects), Fat substitute: chips, crackers, low-calorie processed foods | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9356284/ |
| plant sterols | Not banned but used in specific products with specified daily intake levels due to their cholesterol-lowering properties. | Cholesterol-lowering supplement, Cholesterol-lowering spreads: margarine, yogurt, dietary supplements | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8410723/ |
| potassium benzoate | When combined with vitamin C, benzoates can form benzene, a potential carcinogen. | Preservative in some acidic foods and beverages (soft drinks, jams, pickles), Food preservatives: sodas, fruit juices, beverages | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3821876/ |
| potassium metabisulfite (okay in wine, mead, cider) | The substance is corrosive to the eyes. The substance is irritating to the skin, respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract. Exposure could cause asthma-like reactions or urticaria in sensitive persons. | Preservative with limitations in wine, cider, mead, industrial disinfectant (not for food) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4017440/ |
| potassium propionate | Some studies suggest that potassium propionate has the potential to impair the immune and digestive systems and cause neurotoxicity in children when taken in large doses. | Preservative in some breads and baked goods to prevent mold growth, fungus control in some crops | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32425528/ |
| propionates | Considered safe by regulators but may be avoided by those aiming to limit food additives. Can cause gastrointestinal issues in sensitive individuals. | Preservatives in some breads and baked goods, cheese to prevent mold growth | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7831739/ |
| propylparaben | Some parabens have been associated with hormone disruption and have been restricted in certain products. | Preservative (less common than others) in some cosmetics and personal care products | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12419695/ |
| saccharin | While saccharin has not demonstrated the same health concerns as other artificial sweeteners like aspartame, there is still debate about whether non-nutritive sweeteners have negative effects on weight, blood sugar control, and other health markers. | Artificial sweetener in diet beverages, sugar-free candies, and some medications | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6843803/ |
| sodium alum | Ingesting large amounts of sodium alum may cause gastrointestinal issues, kidney damage, and metabolic abnormalities. Inhalation of sodium alum dust has been associated with lung tissue damage and irritation of the mucous membranes. | Leavening agent (historical) in baking powder, astringent in traditional medicine (not recommended) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5651828/ |
| sodium nitrate/nitrite (synthetic) | Preservatives linked to increased cancer risk by forming nitrosamines. Concerns highest for children. | Curing agent in processed meats (bacon) | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35303088/ |
| sodium sorbate | Sodium sorbate is a generally recognized as safe food preservative when used within established limits, but it may pose a risk of allergic reactions or exacerbate asthma symptoms in sensitive individuals. Additionally, in high-heat applications or when combined with certain ingredients, sodium sorbate can potentially form carcinogenic compounds, though manufacturers take precautions to minimize such risks. | Preservative in some processed foods and beverages | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3432536/ |
| sodium sulfite (okay in wine, mead, cider) | Preservative that can trigger asthma and allergy symptoms in sensitive people. Those with sulfite sensitivity should avoid. | Anti-browning agent in some fruits and vegetables, industrial applications (photography) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4017440/ |
| stannous chloride | Antimicrobial agent with usage restrictions in some countries due to potential toxicity. Linked to organ damage and neurotoxicity in high amounts. | Thickener in some glazes, metal soldering (electronics) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7009391/ |
| sucroglycerides | Shown in studies to increase body weight gain and increase hepatic and total lipids. | Fat substitute and emulsifier in some foods | https://www.scielo.br/j/rsp/a/njqMFxrfCwrnST9FVprtsqR/?lang=en&format=pdf |
| sucrose polyester | Generally recognized as safe but may cause gastrointestinal side effects in some people. | Fat substitute and emulsifier in some foods | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3766448/ |
| TBHQ (tertiary butylhydroquinone) | An antioxidant preservative allowed in limited quantities. Potentially linked to cancer and vision problems by some studies. Aim to minimize intake. | Antioxidant in some fats and oils | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36561954/ |
| toluene | Formerly used as a food additive but now prohibited due to toxicity concerns like neurotoxicity and organ damage. | Industrial solvent (not a food ingredient) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4211428/ |
| whale oil | Whale oil is high in contaminants like PCBs, dioxins and heavy metals that accumulate in whales' fat stores. These contaminants can pose health risks to consumers. | Historical lubricant and fuel source | https://news.fiu.edu/2021/whale-consumption-should-be-dramatically-decreased-in-caribbean-to-avoid-mercury-poisoning |
| acetone peroxides | Explosive and hazardous chemical compounds, typically used in illegal activities rather than food. | Industrial bleaching agents and initiators | https://www.nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/0009.pdf |
| advantame | An artificial sweetener with limited data on long-term safety, hence cautious regulatory approaches in some countries. | Artificial sweetener: diet beverages, sugar-free gum, low-calorie beverages | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278691511002900 |
| aluminum ammonium sulfate | Aluminum-containing food additives used as stabilizers. High aluminum intake may pose neurotoxicity risks. Avoidance may be prudent for those with kidney disease. | Baking powder, textile dyeing | https://www.nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/0068.pdf |
| aluminum sulfate | Aluminum-containing food additives used as stabilizers. High aluminum intake may pose neurotoxicity risks. Avoidance may be prudent for those with kidney disease. | Food processing: pickles, cheese, water treatment | https://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1191&p_version=2&p_lang=en#:~:text=The substance is severely irritating,mildly irritating to the skin.&text=A harmful concentration of airborne,when dispersed%2C especially if powdered.&text=The substance may have effects on the central nervous system. |
| ammonium saccharin | An older artificial sweetener that allowed higher saccharin intake levels than newer sweeteners. Unnecessary additive that some try to avoid. | Artificial sweetener: diet sodas, sugar-substitue products | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2202324/ |
| aspartame | Artificial sweetener that may cause headaches or other symptoms in sensitive individuals. People with phenylketonuria (PKU) must avoid it. Ongoing debate about potential health impacts. | Artificial sweetener | https://www.who.int/news/item/14-07-2023-aspartame-hazard-and-risk-assessment-results-released |
| bentonite | A conditioning agent for oils that may contain trace heavy metals. Considered safe in food prep but topical bentonite clay can pose lead exposure risks if contaminated. | Thickener, clarifying agent in beverages (wine, beer), anticaking agent | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309707568_Bentonite_toxicology_and_epidemiology_-_a_review |
| BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) | However, some studies in animals have linked BHT to potential cancer development when consumed in high amounts over long periods of time. There are also concerns that BHT may disrupt hormones and act as an endocrine disruptor, though more research is needed. | Antioxidant in fats and oils (limited use due to potential health concerns) | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12396675/ |
| bromated flour | Banned due to concerns about potential carcinogenic byproducts formed during baking. | Banned as a food additive since 1996 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1567851/ |
| butylparaben | Some parabens have been associated with hormone disruption and have been restricted in certain products. | Preservative in some cosmetics and personal care products | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/butyl-paraben |
| calcium bromate | A flour improver banned in many countries due to health concerns like kidney toxicity and cancer risk. | Banned as a food additive in most countries | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9095538/ |
| calcium propionate | One study linked levels to increased production of insulin and glucagon, which releases glucose. This can lead to insulin resistanc and type 2 diabetes. | Preservative in bread and other baked goods | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8314753/ |
| calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate | At high doses over long periods it may impact calcium absorption. | Emulsifier and dough conditioner in baked goods | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10480690/ |
| carmine | Derived from crushed insects, these colorants can cause allergic reactions in some individuals. | Food coloring derived from cochineal beetles | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10532910/ |
| cyclodextrin | Not inherently banned but may have specific restrictions based on the specific type and intended use. | Improves bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs and flavors | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2017.00355/full |
| dimethyl silicone | It hasn’t been thoroughly studied, but they may have a laxative effect and produce central nervous system depression. | Antifoaming agent in some food and industrial applications | https://datasheets.scbt.com/sc-253289.pdf |
| disodium 5'-ribonucleotides | Generally recognized as safe but those with gout/kidney issues may want to limit intake. | Flavor enhancer in savory foods (broths, soups) | https://inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v32je06.htm |
| disodium EDTA | EDTA can cause abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, low blood pressure, skin problems, and fever. Too much can cause kidney damage, dangerously low calcium levels, and death. | Chelating agent to prevent discoloration and off-flavors | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12396676/ |
| dodecyl gallate | An antioxidant preservative permitted for limited use. Animal studies show high doses may cause stomach lesions, so moderation is advised. | Antioxidant in fats and oils | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3542759/ |
| ethoxyquin | Banned in some countries due to concerns about potential toxicity, especially in fish-based products. | Antioxidant in animal feed (discontinued in some countries) | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/ethoxyquin#:~:text=However%2C data from another study,levels of certain liver enzymes. |
| FD&C Blue No. 2 | Some artificial colors have been associated with hyperactivity in children and have been restricted or banned in certain countries. | Food coloring (discontinued due to health concerns) | https://www.cspinet.org/sites/default/files/attachment/food-dyes-rainbow-of-risks.pdf |
| FD&C Red No. 3 | Some artificial colors have been associated with hyperactivity in children and have been restricted or banned in certain countries. | Food coloring (discontinued due to health concerns) | https://www.cspinet.org/press-release/red-3-fda-petition |
| FD&C Yellow No. 6 | Some artificial colors have been associated with hyperactivity in children and have been restricted or banned in certain countries. | Food coloring | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23026007/ |
| gardenia blue | Permitted in some regions but banned in the EU and by some manufacturers due to potential health risks and unnecessary additive status. | Food coloring derived from gardenia fruit | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10412961/ |
| hexa-, hepta- and octa-esters of sucrose | Hexa-, hepta-, and octa-esters of sucrose are generally considered safe food additives but can potentially cause allergic reactions or digestive discomfort in some individuals. These calorie-dense additives are commonly found in processed foods, so moderation and a balanced diet are advisable to minimize potential health risks. | Fat substitute (limited research) | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1515040/ |
| lactic acid esters of monoglycerides | In some cases, consumption of foods containing these additives may lead to allergic reactions and gastrointestinal discomfort, such as bloating or gas, especially in individuals with sensitive digestive systems. | Emulsifier in baked goods and other food products | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37673430/ |
| magnesium lactate | Intake of this form of magnesium can result in problems like gastrointestinal issues, adverse interactions with medications, and impaired kidney function. | Dietary supplement, laxative | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5652077/ |
| methyl silicon | Methyl silicones are commonly used in various products and are generally safe when used as intended, though concentrated forms can irritate the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Environmental concerns arise from their persistence in the environment, especially in aquatic ecosystems, leading to regulatory guidelines for proper disposal and use. | Antifoaming agent in some food and industrial applications | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10792606/ |
| monoammonium glutamate | A flavor enhancer that contains gluten. Those with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity should avoid. | Flavor enhancer (controversial, may cause MSG sensitivity) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6952072/ |
| polydextrose | A bulking agent and sugar substitute made from glucose. Considered safe but may cause bloating and diarrhea in large amounts. | Low-calorie bulking agent in some foods | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10227745/ |
| potassium bisulfite (okay in wine, mead, cider) | A preservative that can trigger asthmatic reactions in sensitive individuals. Those with sulfite allergy should avoid. | Preservative in wine, cider, some dried fruits | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3535492/ |
| potassium nitrate | A preservative that can form nitrosamines, which are potential carcinogens. Risk highest for children. | Curing agent in some processed meats | https://www.fda.gov/media/141720/download |
| potassium sorbate | Potassium sorbate can cause allergic reactions and skin/scalp irritation if used in cosmetics and personal products. | Preservative in a variety of foods (cheese, yogurt, beverages) | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326630167_Pharmacokinetic_and_Toxicological_Aspects_of_Potassium_Sorbate_Food_Additive_and_Its_Constituents#:~:text=... Potassium sorbates are safe,issues [5%2C 57] . |
| propionic acid | Propionic Acid can cause headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. | Preservative in bread and other baked goods | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34312159/ |
| propylene glycol mono- and diesters of fats and fatty acids | When used in high doses or for prolonged periods, PG toxicity can occur. Reported adverse effects from PG include central nervous system (CNS) toxicity, hyperosmolarity, hemolysis, cardiac arrhythmia, seizures, agitation, and lactic acidosis. | Food emulsifiers | https://www.bmj.com/content/382/bmj-2023-076058 |
| pulegone (synthetic) | Synthetic form may pose toxicity to the liver and lungs in high amounts. | Flavoring agent (mint substitute, potential health risks) | https://www.industrialchemicals.gov.au/sites/default/files/Pulegone and related substances_Human health tier II assessment.pdf |
| saccharin sodium salt | One disadvantage to using saccharin is that some studies show that large amounts of saccharin may negatively affect the balance of bacteria in your gut. | Artificial sweetener | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK533616/ |
| smoke flavor (synthetic) | Potential to contain controversial additives like MSG. | Imparts smoky flavor to processed meats and other foods | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6549714/ |
| sodium aluminum phosphate | Concerns about aluminum intake's impact on the kidneys and neurologic system, especially in excess. | Leavening agent in baking powders | https://www.nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/0062.pdf |
| sodium bisulfite (okay in wine, mead, cider) | Preservative that can trigger asthma attacks in sensitive people. Those with sulfite allergy should avoid. | Preservative in wine, cider, some dried fruits | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378427422000388 |
| sodium lauryl sulfate | A detergent and emulsifier. Restricted in some countries. May irritate skin, eyes and digestive tract. | Detergent in some personal care products (may be irritating) | https://www.longdom.org/open-access/the-study-of-sodium-lauryl-sulfate-sls-toxicity-102703.html#:~:text=Much research demonstrates that SLS,as well as hair loss. |
| sodium stearoyl lactylate | It's possible to have an allergy to sodium stearoyl lactylate, which can result in oversensitive immune responses, as well as itching and swelling. | Emulsifier and dough conditioner in baked goods | https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/3144 |
| sorbic acid | Relatively non-toxic but large amounts may be problematic for those with skin conditions or allergies. | Preservative in a variety of foods (cheese, yogurt, beverages) | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2253811/ |
| sucrose acetate isobutyrate | While there is uncertainty about the long term effects, this can cause gastrointestinal distress and has a high caloric content. | Fat substitute (limited research) | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9519848/ |
| sulfites (okay in wine, mead, cider) | While not inherently banned, they are restricted in certain foods due to concerns about allergic reactions, particularly in individuals with sulfite sensitivity or asthma. | Preservative in wine, cider, some dried fruits (may cause allergic reactions) | https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/news/sulfites-safety-concern-high-consumers-data-lacking |
| tetrasodium EDTA | A preservative made from the chelating agent EDTA. It helps retain flavor and color in foods. However, there are concerns that EDTA may leach trace heavy metals from containers during processing. For this reason, tetrasodium EDTA is restricted in some countries | Chelating agent to prevent discoloration and off-flavors | https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-04/documents/edta.pdf |
| tonka bean/extract | Tonka beans contain the compound coumarin, which can be toxic to the liver and kidneys at high doses. Tonka extract flavoring is restricted in foods in the US and banned in some other countries due to potential liver toxicity. | Flavoring agent (banned in some countries due to coumarin content) | https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfCFR/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=189.130& |
| lavender | However, taken in supplement form, lavender may cause side effects like nausea, headache, and drug interactions. Topical use of lavender may cause skin irritation in some people. Those with hormone sensitive conditions should use caution due to potential estrogenic effects. | Flavoring agent, essential oil in cosmetics | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612440/#:~:text=In the oral lavender trials,disorders and nervous system disorders. |
| acesulfame-K | An artificial sweetener considered safe for most people when consumed within acceptable daily intake levels. Some studies have raised concerns about potential carcinogenic effects in rats. | Artificial sweetener | https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/artificial-sweeteners-fact-sheet#:~:text=cancer (6).-,Acesulfame potassium,associated with cancer in people. |
| alkanna tinctoria | A plant extract used for blue food coloring. Permitted in the EU but unapproved in the US due to lack of safety data. Potential to cause hypersensitivity reactions. | Natural dye | https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-606/alkanna |
| aluminum potassium sulfate | High aluminum intake may pose risks like neurotoxicity, especially for those with kidney impairment. | Antiperspirant in deodorants | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10437134/ |
| ammonium alum | A whitening agent formerly used in breads. Banned as a food additive in the US and EU due to health concerns like gastrointestinal issues. | Leavening agent in historical baking powders | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6977774/ |
| ammonium sulfate | High doses may potentially cause nausea or fatigue. Those with sulfite sensitivity should exercise caution. | Fertilizer, acidity regulator | https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/MMG/MMGDetails.aspx?mmgid=7&toxid=2 |
| azo dyes | Some azo dyes can break down into harmful aromatic amines, which have been associated with adverse health effects, including carcinogenicity. | Food coloring group (some may cause allergic reactions) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5991632/ |
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